ABSTRACT
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fragility of the complex global food supply chains (GFSCs) which has drastically affected the essential flow of food from the farms and producers to the final consumers. The COVID-19 outbreak has served as a great lesson for the food businesses and companies to re-strategize toward the post-COVID-19 era. This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food security and global food supply chains using the two countries (Canada and the United States) in North America as the case studies and provides appropriate strategy or framework to build smarter and resilience food supply chains for post-COVID-19 era. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is a general review of the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on food security and disruptions of the GFSCs. This paper conducted a comprehensive literature review to have a complete understanding of the study, identify the research problem and missing gaps in literature and to formulate appropriate research questions. This study uses two countries from North America (Canada and the US) as case studies by analyzing the available open data from Statistics Canada and some recent studies conducted on food insecurity in the US. Finally, based on the findings, a proposed approach or framework was presented. Findings: The findings from this study establishes that COVID-19 pandemic has greater impacts on the food security and GFSC due to disruption of the food supply chain leading to increase food insecurity in Canada and the US. The findings clearly show how the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the GFSC in the following ways – poor economy, shortage of farm worker, limitation to food accessibility, restriction in the transportation of farm commodities, changes in demand of consumers, shutdown of food production facilities, uncertainty of food quality and safety, food trade policies restriction, delays in transportation of food products, etc. The main findings of this study show that food and beverages sector needs to re-strategize, re-shape and re-design their food supply chains with post-COVID-19 resilience approach in mind. As a result, this study presents a proposed approach or framework to build a smarter and resilience GFSCs in the post-COVID-19 era. The findings in this study highlights the way the proposed framework provide solutions to the identified problems created by the COVID-19 pandemic in affecting the GFSC. Originality/value: The contribution of this study towards the existing body of knowledge in food security and GFSC is in the form of a proposed approach or framework for building smarter and resilience GFSC that would assist the key players in the food industry to respond better and faster to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including post-COVID-19 era. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
ABSTRACT
Son yıllarda gıda fiyatlarındaki artışlar ile gıda kıtlığına yönelik sinyaller veren küresel gıda tedarik zincirlerinin kırılganlığı, COVID-19 salgını sürecinde hükümetlerin uyguladığı kapanma önlemleri ile en üst seviyeye çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, halen devam etmekte olan COVID-19 salgını ve salgınla mücadelede alınan önlemlerin küresel gıda tedarik zincirlerinde neden olduğu aksaklıkların ve bu aksaklıkların gıda güvencesine etkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Gıda tedarik zincirlerindeki akışın bozulmasına neden olan arz ve talep yönlü şoklarla gıda güvencesini tehdit eden aksaklıklar, yeterli ve besleyici gıdaya erişimi salgın kadar önemli bir sorun haline getirmiştir. Gıda tedarik zincirinde;tüketicilerin panik yönlü satın alma davranışı göstermesi, işgücü piyasalarında değişime bağlı iş ve gelir kayıpları ile enflasyon talep yönlü etkiler olarak görülmüştür. Íşgücü kıtlığı, ulaşım ağlarındaki aksamalar ve ülkelerin koyduğu sınırlamalar, dijital teknolojinin imkânları ile e-ticaretin yaygınlaşması ise arz yönlü etkiler olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. COVID-19 salgını, arz ve talep yönlü şoklarla gıda güvencesi üzerinde gıdanın fiziksel bulunabilirliğini, gıdaya ekonomik ve fiziksel erişimi, gıda kullanımını ve gıda istikrarını tehlikeye atan olumsuz etkilere neden olmuştur. Çalışma sonunda, gıda güvencesini sağlamada, gıda sistemlerinin dayanıklılığı, gıda tedarik zincirlerinin otomasyonu, çalışanların güvenliği ve tedarik zinciri faaliyetlerinin çevrimiçi ortamlarda denetlenmesinin önemi, gıda güvencesizliği yaşayan savunmasız gruplara yönelik devletin sosyal güvenlik politika ve uygulamaları ile gıda egemenliği konuları tartışılmıştır.Alternate :The fragility of global food supply chains, which signals food shortages and increases in food prices in recent years, has reached the highest level with the government's lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to highlight the disruptions in global food supply chains brought about by the ongoing COVID -19 pandemic and present the impact of these disruptions on food security. Supply-side and demand-side shocks that bring about deterioration of the flow in food supply chains and disruptions that threaten food security have made access to adequate and nutritious food an issue as significant as the pandemic. In the food supply chain, panic-oriented buying behaviors by consumers, job and income losses due to changes in labor markets and inflation have occurred as demand-side effects. Labor shortages, disruptions in transportation networks, restrictions imposed by countries, the opportunities of digital technology, and the spread of e-commerce have emerged as supply-side effects. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused negative effects on food security, jeopardizing availability, access, utilization, and stability with supply-side and demand-side shocks. In the conclusion part of the study, the resiliency of food systems, automation of food supply chains, the safety of employees and the importance of monitoring supply chain activities in online environments, the social security policies and practices of the state for vulnerable groups experiencing food insecurity, and food sovereignty were discussed.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fragility of the complex global food supply chains (GFSCs) which has drastically affected the essential flow of food from the farms and producers to the final consumers. The COVID-19 outbreak has served as a great lesson for the food businesses and companies to re-strategize toward the post-COVID-19 era. This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food security and global food supply chains using the two countries (Canada and the United States) in North America as the case studies and provides appropriate strategy or framework to build smarter and resilience food supply chains for post-COVID-19 era. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is a general review of the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on food security and disruptions of the GFSCs. This paper conducted a comprehensive literature review to have a complete understanding of the study, identify the research problem and missing gaps in literature and to formulate appropriate research questions. This study uses two countries from North America (Canada and the US) as case studies by analyzing the available open data from Statistics Canada and some recent studies conducted on food insecurity in the US. Finally, based on the findings, a proposed approach or framework was presented. Findings: The findings from this study establishes that COVID-19 pandemic has greater impacts on the food security and GFSC due to disruption of the food supply chain leading to increase food insecurity in Canada and the US. The findings clearly show how the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the GFSC in the following ways – poor economy, shortage of farm worker, limitation to food accessibility, restriction in the transportation of farm commodities, changes in demand of consumers, shutdown of food production facilities, uncertainty of food quality and safety, food trade policies restriction, delays in transportation of food products, etc. The main findings of this study show that food and beverages sector needs to re-strategize, re-shape and re-design their food supply chains with post-COVID-19 resilience approach in mind. As a result, this study presents a proposed approach or framework to build a smarter and resilience GFSCs in the post-COVID-19 era. The findings in this study highlights the way the proposed framework provide solutions to the identified problems created by the COVID-19 pandemic in affecting the GFSC. Originality/value: The contribution of this study towards the existing body of knowledge in food security and GFSC is in the form of a proposed approach or framework for building smarter and resilience GFSC that would assist the key players in the food industry to respond better and faster to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including post-COVID-19 era. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.